The Ottoman Empire’s nineteenth-century reforms attempted to codify these laws by statutes motivated by European designs, particularly in civil matters, though personal standing laws remained deeply rooted in conventional jurisprudence. "Muhammad is not the father of any gentleman among you, but he would be the messenger of Allah as well as th

The Ottoman Empire’s 19th-century reforms tried to codify these rules through statutes affected by European versions, particularly in civil matters, though personal status guidelines remained deeply rooted in classic jurisprudence. The title on the religion is Islam, which originates from an Arabic root phrase indicating "peace" and "submissio